This report – PMA2020 Methodological Report No.2: Fertility Data in Performance Monitoring and Accountability 2020 Surveys – is the second in a series of Methodological Reports that aims to explain and contextualize PMA2020 methodologies.  The purpose of this report is to provide a guide to better understand and use fertility data in PMA2020 surveys and document lessons learned during the first four years of the project. The specific aims are: to document PMA2020’s methodology to measure total fertility rate (TFR); to assess the quality of fertility data in PMA2020 surveys; and, to estimate the TFR adjusted for identified issues. Findings suggest that use of the simple questionnaire introduced only under-counting of multiple births, which can be and have been adjusted in data analysis.